What is duplex stainless steel

March 10, 2023
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what is duplex stainless steel?What are the characteristics of duplex stainless steel?

Duplex stainless steels are extremely corrosion resistant, work hardenable alloys. Their microstructures consist of a mixture of austenite and ferrite phases. As a result, duplex stainless steels display properties characteristic of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. This combination of properties can mean some compromise when compared with pure austenitic and pure ferritic grades.
Duplex stainless steels are in most cases, tougher than ferritic stainless steels. Strengths of duplex stainless steels can in some cases be double that for austenitic stainless steels.
Whilst duplex stainless steels are considered resistant to stress corrosion cracking, they are not as resistant to this form of attack as ferritic stainless steels. However, the corrosion resistance of the least resistant duplex stainless steels is greater than that for the most commonly used grades of stainless steels, i.e. 304 and 316.

 

In addition to the improved corrosion resistance compared with the 300 series stainless steels duplex steels also have higher strength. For example, a Type 304 stainless steel has a 0.2% proof strength in the region of 280N/mm2, a 22%Cr duplex stainless steel a minimum 0.2% proof strength of some 450N/mm2 and a superduplex grade a minimum of 550N/mm2.

 

Chemical compositions

Steel designation Number C, max. Si Mn P, max. S, max. N Cr Cu Mo Ni Other
X2CrNiN22-2 1.4062 0.03 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 0.04 0.010 0.16 to 0.28 21.5 to 24.0 - ≤0.45 1.00 to 2.90 -
X2CrCuNiN23-2-2 1.4669 0.045 ≤1.00 1.00 to 3.00 0.04 0.030 0.12 to 0.20 21.5 to 24.0 1.60 to 3.00 ≤0.50 1.00 to 3.00 -
X2CrNiMoSi18-5-3 1.4424 0.03 1.40 to 2.00 1.20 to 2.00 0.035 0.015 0.05 to 0.10 18.0 to 19.0 - 2.5 to 3.0 4.5 to 5.2 -
X2CrNiN23-4 1.4362 0.03 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 0.035 0.015 0.05 to 0.20 22.0 to 24.5 0.10 to 0.60 0.10 to 0.60 3.5 to 5.5 -
X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 1.4162 0.04 ≤1.00 4.0 to 6.0 0.040 0.015 0.20 to 0.25 21.0 to 22.0 0.10 to 0.80 0.10 to 0.80 1.35 to 1.90 -
X2CrMnNiMoN21-5-3 1.4482 0.03 ≤1.00 4.0 to 6.0 0.035 0.030 0.05 to 0.20 19.5 to 21.5 ≤1.00 0.10 to 0.60 1.50 to 3.50 -
X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 1.4462 0.03 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 0.035 0.015 0.10 to 0.22 21.0 to 23.0 - 2.50 to 3.50 4.5 to 6.5 -
X2CrNiMnMoCuN24-4-3-2 1.4662 0.03 ≤0.70 2.5 to 4.0 0.035 0.005 0.20 to 0.30 23.0 to 25.0 0.10 to 0.80 1.00 to 2.00 3.0 to 4.5  
X2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3 1.4507 0.03 ≤0.70 ≤2.00 0.035 0.015 0.20 to 0.30 24.0 to 26.0 1.00 to 2.50 3.0 to 4.0 6.0 to 8.0 -
X3CrNiMoN27-5-2 1.4460 0.05 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 0.035 0.015 0.05 to 0.20 25.0 to 28.0 - 1.30 to 2.00 4.5 to 6.5 -
X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 1.4410 0.03 ≤1.00 ≤2.00 0.035 0.015 0.24 to 0.35 24.0 to 26.0 - 3.0 to 4.5 6.0 to 8.0 -
X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 1.4501 0.03 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 0.035 0.015 0.20 to 0.30 24.0 to 26.0 0.50 to 1.00 3.0 to 4.0 6.0 to 8.0

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